<i>Porphyromonas Gingivalis</i> in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Therapeutic Target

The leading cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which affects millions worldwide. Aging populations can foretell the worsening burden in future. AD characterised by following hallmark pathologies: amyloid-β over-production and deposition, abnormal hyperphosphorylation tau to formation neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation. Many potential treatments fail clinical trials, suggesting that present theories are outdated or lead therapeutic dead-ends. A gum disease-causing species bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, being increasingly linked with AD, given ubiquity amongst older populations, studies have revealed bacteria causes exacerbates pathology both vitro vivo. P. gingivalis produce many neurotoxic molecules, including gingipain enzymes, lipopolysaccharide phosphoglycerol dihydroceramides, all these been shown affect pathologies. Numerous mechanisms reach brain proposed, one bacteria’s use outer membrane vesicles. This review presents evidence effects its vesicles, gingipains, on neurodegeneration neuronal cultures, mice models post-mortem studies, determines how this be used develop new for AD.